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<title>College of Public Speaking - Resources Blog</title><link>http://homepage.mac.com/keir_smart/My%20Website/index.html</link><description>Articles and tips on how to improve your presentations&#x2c; speeches and impromtu speaking</description><dc:language>en</dc:language><dc:creator>vincestev@gmail.com</dc:creator><dc:rights>Copyright 2006 College of Public Speakinig</dc:rights><dc:date>2006-11-29T20:04:43+00:00</dc:date><admin:generatorAgent rdf:resource="http://www.realmacsoftware.com/" />
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<lastBuildDate>Sat, 14 Jul 2007 13:03:19 +0100</lastBuildDate><item><title>Regular Mistakes Made by Speakers</title><dc:creator>vincestev@gmail.com</dc:creator><category>How to Articles</category><dc:date>2006-11-29T20:04:43+00:00</dc:date><link>http://homepage.mac.com/keir_smart/My%20Website/resources/files/33b514d98261ca5b74ae97212f2f387e-8.html#unique-entry-id-8</link><guid isPermaLink="true">http://homepage.mac.com/keir_smart/My%20Website/resources/files/33b514d98261ca5b74ae97212f2f387e-8.html#unique-entry-id-8</guid><content:encoded><![CDATA[The audience will listen because I&rsquo;m a subject matter expert and what I have to say is interesting.

...We all like to think that we know our stuff, and many people do.

...Albert Mehrebian the US Educational Psychologist&rsquo;s research demonstrated that only 7% of your presentation&rsquo;s impact will be your words....  You could prepare for weeks, select the best words and key messages, you could have the best introduction, middle section and ending than any speaker on the bill, but your impact could be negligible.

...A few year&rsquo;s ago I became a school governor and as such, I was offered training sessions by my local Education Authority....  One evening, the guest speaker, a man who had worked in education all his life with a career that spanned being a headmaster, Ofsted inspector and a senior role in the Ministry of Education and Science; what this fellow didn&rsquo;t know about the history of secondary education was not worth knowing.

...I&rsquo;m certain that over the course of this fellow&rsquo;s long and distinguished career, many people must have mentioned his verbal mannerisms.

...They hear the gun, they&rsquo;re out of the blocks fast and they can&rsquo;t wait to get it over with.

...The best way to maintain the attention of an audience is to start with a gripping opening, develop a maximum of three themes or key messages, and conclude with a message that pulls the introduction and key messages together with impact.

An experienced speaker can make this look simple and seamless, but we&rsquo;re looking at perhaps 0.001% of the population.

...If you speak for over 10 minutes it&rsquo;s almost inevitable that the structure will suffer and you will lose your audience because you haven&rsquo;t signposted your structure well enough.

...Tip &ndash; keep it short and simple and use your best material at the beginning and the end of your speech.

...For the new or inexperienced speaker, eye-contact is one of the hardest aspects of speaking.  Looking into the eyes of strangers does not come naturally to most of us. Indeed, in some cultures young people looking directly into the eyes of their elders is seen as a mark of disrespect.

...Life is a busy place, and when we invest time in a speaker, nobody likes to feel they have wasted their time.

Tip &ndash; if you find eye-contact difficult, try it out with friends and family in regular conversations....  It&rsquo;s very difficult (almost rude) to disengage eye-contact with somebody when you&rsquo;re having a pleasant chat.  Bear that in mind when you&rsquo;re making a speech and you&rsquo;ll do very well.

...Tonal variety is what adds massive impact to your speech or presentation....  Mehrebian&rsquo;s research demonstrated that 38% of what an audience remember is down to the effective use of tonal variety.

...Suddenly, your wife sitting in the opposite armchair says, &lsquo;Do you love me?&rsquo;

You continue flicking through the channels, you don&rsquo;t look back at her and you eventually say the words, &lsquo;Of course, I love you.&rsquo;

...Suddenly, your wife sitting in the opposite armchair says, &lsquo;Do you love me?&rsquo;

...You walk across the room and take your wife by the hand, gently and sincerely you look her in the eyes, caress her cheek and say, &lsquo;Of course, I love you.&rsquo;]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Talking Business</title><dc:creator>vincestev@gmail.com</dc:creator><category>General Articles</category><dc:date>2006-11-29T19:58:47+00:00</dc:date><link>http://homepage.mac.com/keir_smart/My%20Website/resources/files/37ce8af9ddc0b1300ab3fe577d89ad46-7.html#unique-entry-id-7</link><guid isPermaLink="true">http://homepage.mac.com/keir_smart/My%20Website/resources/files/37ce8af9ddc0b1300ab3fe577d89ad46-7.html#unique-entry-id-7</guid><content:encoded><![CDATA[Objectives are even more important with business talks.

...Do you have to tie in with someone else's contribution?  Numbers - who'll be there &mdash; and who they are?  Is there a lectern?

...What visual aid equipment will be there (or you want to be there)?  Know how to use it properly &mdash; and carry spares!

...Get the sequence of your talk right....  You need a logical and 'signposted' structure.  With a definite conclusion (not left in the air!)

...Establish your audience's level of knowledge by research before the event.  Ensure you adapt your presentation to their level of knowledge and interest.

...Involve your audience right at the start &mdash; including getting their agreement to your key message early....  Smile, talk of 'we/us', and never talk down or patronize your audience.

...It's better without a written-out script (unless you have to).  Aim for &hellip; variety of voice &hellip; word pictures &hellip; highlights within a (long) talk as well as at the end &hellip; visual aids, maybe (with pie charts rather than tables?)  &hellip; or break it up with a 2-man act.

...Circulate hand-outs before, not during.  Or tell them at the start if they'll get notes at the end.

...Note and remember who asked what (and repeat the question before you answer).  And, please, never flannel &mdash; it shows!

...You'll still have to use your other skills....  Or good rehearsal and notes.  With eye contact and good presence.  And with well chosen words.]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Use of Voice</title><dc:creator>vincestev@gmail.com</dc:creator><category>How to Articles</category><dc:date>2006-11-29T19:54:55+00:00</dc:date><link>http://homepage.mac.com/keir_smart/My%20Website/resources/files/f5df77153e44d255868ef98733c507d7-6.html#unique-entry-id-6</link><guid isPermaLink="true">http://homepage.mac.com/keir_smart/My%20Website/resources/files/f5df77153e44d255868ef98733c507d7-6.html#unique-entry-id-6</guid><content:encoded><![CDATA[Clearly for a professional singer the voice is their most precious instrument.  It needs to be developed and it needs to be taken care of.  Different nuances and levels of expression are developed and revealed over time.

For the speaker it is much the same.  Quite literally the vocal chords are the medium that vibrate the air, that sends the message, that resonates in the listener's ear-drum.

An unappealing, grating or monotonous delivery will create resistance in the listener, regardless of the value of the content.

Initially when helping a speaker develop their vocal range we focus on the 3 'p's; pitch, pace and pause.

Pitch covers two areas of expression; i.  raising and lowering the voice as required to create tonal variety, ii.  effective and varied use of volume and projection.

We need to develop a natural, relatable style of delivery.  These days the 'declaiming orator' seems a bit over the top to most of us, nevertheless it is still vital to be aware that every nuance that may seem effective under your own ear needs to be exaggerated for an audience.  Clearly the bigger the room, the bigger the audience, the more this becomes essential.

Pace , when combined with pitch adds the 'third dimension'.  To be able to naturally moderate the speed, the pitch and volume in different combinations can give infinite colour and variety to the polished, well-rehearsed speaker.

The pause is a valuable tool in its own right.  Its use can be varied and dramatic; whether for instance speeding up, increasing volume and pitch to reach a dramatic pause, or gently winding down to a natural silence to allow the audience to digest a significant point or opinion.

Articulation and clarity of speech are also important in delivering an effective presentation.  Many great singers are able to combine clear diction with a very natural delivery.  A singer like Frank Sinatra is worth listening to for the balance he achieves between ease and clarity.

In considering the voice and how it can be used to best effect, it can be very useful for a speaker to listen to the rhythm and nuances of music, particularly classical music, which can greatly help to develop natural rhythm and flow, as well as giving hints on pace, pitch and balance.

Michael Ronayne is a lead trainer with the College of Public Speaking.]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Delivering a Vote of Thanks</title><dc:creator>vincestev@gmail.com</dc:creator><category>How to Articles</category><dc:date>2006-11-29T13:14:46+00:00</dc:date><link>http://homepage.mac.com/keir_smart/My%20Website/resources/files/7bd404b947f231f148260c0433065897-2.html#unique-entry-id-2</link><guid isPermaLink="true">http://homepage.mac.com/keir_smart/My%20Website/resources/files/7bd404b947f231f148260c0433065897-2.html#unique-entry-id-2</guid><content:encoded><![CDATA[The Vote of Thanks is a short (2-3 minutes) expression of thanks to a speaker on behalf of the audience.  Therefore it is not another speech, nor is it an evaluation, nor should it repeat the Chairman&rsquo;s introduction of the speaker, nor may it be prepared in detail in advance.  [all will become clear]

The opening sentence (which may be prepared!)  might be of the following nature:

&ldquo;Mr Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen!  On behalf of Norwich Orators, I am very happy to thank Fred for giving his speech on &lsquo;Promotion in the Mexican Navy&rsquo; to us this evening&hellip;&rdquo;  and the concluding sentence might be along the following lines:

&ldquo;So, Mr Chairman, I say, once again, that we are all most grateful to Fred and I now ask the audience to express its appreciation in the usual way.&rdquo;

[Please note that they will be applauding the speaker (Fred) and not the proposer of the Vote of Thanks.]

With experience, the opening and closing formula may be modified, always provided that the principles that they embody are not forsaken.

Needless to say, the person proposing the Vote of Thanks will listen most carefully to the speech.  The proposer should pick out two or three points that s/he and/or the audience found particularly interesting and, in the Vote of Thanks, refer and respond to these.  However, the proposer should NOT repeat those parts of the speech, nor discuss whether s/he agrees or disagrees with them, nor enter into any kind of debate.

With practice, how to select some useful or illuminating points, and how to incorporate references to them in the Vote of Thanks, becomes easier and, with time, the proposer will produce a presentation that resembles an excellent dessert following &ndash; and in happy harmony with &ndash; a fine main course.  For the moment, consider these extracts from a hypothetical Vote of Thanks to Fred and decide which (if any) you consider suitable in the light of the above discussion:

<ul><li>Fred&rsquo;s mention of pocket battleships reminds me of an incident during the Korean War.  My uncle was on Dog Watch in the Straights of Malacca.  It was a dark and stormy night&hellip;</li> <li>I was particularly impressed by Fred&rsquo;s tale of how Commodore Sanchez was twice passed over for promotion because of his terrible table manners.</li> <li>Fred sometimes talks so quickly that we have no time to think through the implications of the very interesting but often complicated point that he is making.</li> <li>I have to say that I disagree with him fundamentally regarding the role of Mexico in the American Civil War.</li> <li>I have to say that, along with everyone else present, I was completely enrapt by his consideration of the role of Mexico in the American Civil War.  </li> <li>Fred&rsquo;s tale of Ensign Gonzales and the attempted mutiny on board MNS Arrogant reminded us all, I sense, of Shakespeare&rsquo;s reference to &ldquo;vaulting ambition which o&rsquo;erleaps itself&rdquo;.</li></ul>

Mike Douse is a double ASC National Speech Finalist (1979 & 2006), a member of both of Cardiff&rsquo;s Speakers&rsquo; clubs and an Associate of the College of Public Speaking).]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>How to introduce a speaker - Jo Wise</title><dc:creator>vincestev@gmail.com</dc:creator><category>How to Articles</category><dc:date>2006-11-29T13:08:39+00:00</dc:date><link>http://homepage.mac.com/keir_smart/My%20Website/resources/files/0f4efb058239ed083cba84ab30249c9b-1.html#unique-entry-id-1</link><guid isPermaLink="true">http://homepage.mac.com/keir_smart/My%20Website/resources/files/0f4efb058239ed083cba84ab30249c9b-1.html#unique-entry-id-1</guid><content:encoded><![CDATA[How seldom do we hear an introduction which is really not much more than a partial biography, uninteresting, without structure, stumbled through,- merely going through the motions?

Who cares whether the speaker was born 1901 in Plopton, that he went to grammar school, high school and university, that she married a class mate, has four children, a Polo, a bulldog, and moved to Dublin in 1961?  So they are going to speak on "The future of our forests in Africa".

...Obviously, to increase the interest, attention and anticipation of the audience.  It is only a courtesy to the speaker to condition the audience to a pleased, happy anticipation and ensure attention.

...With a few rare exceptions, a good introduction should not go over two or three minutes.

...An introduction is a short speech and should follow the rules for good speech making.  Some apropos side remarks or comments might further increase the mood and anticipation if it is lightly humorous and in good taste.

...This is to increase the interest of the "so what" members of the audience.  A short statement about the speaker should follow, restricted as far as possible to their accomplishments.

Up to this point, the title of the talk, the business or professional connection, or the title of the speaker and their name, have not been given.

...Try it and you will be surprised at the good reception it will get.

Rare indeed is the person who can give a good introduction if they are called upon only in the last few minutes before the speech....  The introducer needs to know the title of the speech, the slant the speaker will take, some pertinent facts about them, and the type of audience they will be addressing.

When you are the introducer, pay close attention to everything that happens prior to your part in the programme.  Often events occur that throw into your lap a comment or bit of humour which, if grasped, establishes the easy liaison and happy anticipation which is priceless background for the speaker.

...If that is your task, pay close attention to what the first speaker says.  Use your ingenuity, and as they finish, comment upon their speech.  Pick out some statement or thought you can refer to, and in a logical or humorous way, connect their speech with the one which is to follow.  Use such remarks as the "introduction to the introduction" for the next speaker.

In making an introduction it is your duty not to bore the audience.  It is your duty to increase your audience attention and anticipation.

...Jo Wise works in the field of conference facilitation and has introduced over 500 speakers in her time, most of whom, she has never met.  Introducing a speaker well requires strong research and just as much practice as giving a speech.]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Martin Luther King - &#x22;I have a dream&#x2026;&#x22;</title><dc:creator>vincestev@gmail.com</dc:creator><category>Famous Speeches</category><dc:date>2006-11-12T13:31:42+00:00</dc:date><link>http://homepage.mac.com/keir_smart/My%20Website/resources/files/7dd3321d940a8354e9bb7bc335aa2313-5.html#unique-entry-id-5</link><guid isPermaLink="true">http://homepage.mac.com/keir_smart/My%20Website/resources/files/7dd3321d940a8354e9bb7bc335aa2313-5.html#unique-entry-id-5</guid><content:encoded><![CDATA[I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation....  One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land....  When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir.  This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."...  And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice....  And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual....  But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds....  The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny....  We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities....  We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their self-hood and robbed of their dignity by a sign stating: "For Whites Only."  * We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote.

...And some of you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality....  Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed....  I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."  I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.  I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.  I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character....  I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification" -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers....  I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together."  _ This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with.  With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope....  With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.  And this will be the day -- this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning: My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride, From every mountainside, let freedom ring!

...From every mountainside, let freedom ring.</ul> And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: <ul>Free at last!]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Winston Churchill - &#x22;We shall fight them&#x2026;&#x22;</title><dc:creator>vincestev@gmail.com</dc:creator><category>Famous Speeches</category><dc:date>2006-11-12T13:29:39+00:00</dc:date><link>http://homepage.mac.com/keir_smart/My%20Website/resources/files/fb18450178d5d2c2791038a0a3d5c401-4.html#unique-entry-id-4</link><guid isPermaLink="true">http://homepage.mac.com/keir_smart/My%20Website/resources/files/fb18450178d5d2c2791038a0a3d5c401-4.html#unique-entry-id-4</guid><content:encoded><![CDATA["I have, myself, full confidence that if all do their duty, if nothing is neglected, and if the best arrangements are made, as they are being made, we shall prove ourselves once again able to defend our Island home, to ride out the storm of war, and to outlive the menace of tyranny, if necessary for years, if necessary alone.

At any rate, that is what we are going to try to do.  That is the resolve of His Majesty's Government-every man of them.  That is the will of Parliament and the nation.

The British Empire and the French Republic, linked together in their cause and in their need, will defend to the death their native soil, aiding each other like good comrades to the utmost of their strength.

Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous States have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestapo and all the odious apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall not flag or fail.

We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender, and even if, which I do not for a moment believe, this Island or a large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our Empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British Fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God's good time, the New World, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old."]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>President Kennedy - &#x22;Man on the Moon&#x2026;&#x22;</title><dc:creator>vincestev@gmail.com</dc:creator><category>Famous Speeches</category><dc:date>2006-11-12T13:28:50+00:00</dc:date><link>http://homepage.mac.com/keir_smart/My%20Website/resources/files/53ec316bf339531880af123610bbb208-3.html#unique-entry-id-3</link><guid isPermaLink="true">http://homepage.mac.com/keir_smart/My%20Website/resources/files/53ec316bf339531880af123610bbb208-3.html#unique-entry-id-3</guid><content:encoded><![CDATA[Finally, if we are to win the battle that is now going on around the world between freedom and tyranny, the dramatic achievements in space which occurred in recent weeks should have made clear to us all, as did the Sputnik in 1957, the impact of this adventure on the minds of men everywhere, who are attempting to make a determination of which road they should take....  Now it is time to take longer strides-time for a great new American enterprise-time for this nation to take a clearly leading role in space achievement, which in many ways may hold the key to our future on earth.

...We have never specified long-range goals on an urgent time schedule, or managed our resources and our time so as to insure their fulfilment.

Recognizing the head start obtained by the Soviets with their large rocket engines, which gives them many months of lead-time, and recognizing the likelihood that they will exploit this lead for some time to come in still more impressive successes, we nevertheless are required to make new efforts on our own....  We take an additional risk by making it in full view of the world, but as shown by the feat of astronaut Shepard, this very risk enhances our stature when we are successful.

...First, I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth.  No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish.

...We propose additional funds for other engine development and for unmanned explorations -- explorations which are particularly important for one purpose which this nation will never overlook: the survival of the man who first makes this daring flight.  But in a very real sense, it will not be one man going to the moon - if we make this judgment affirmatively it will be an entire nation.

...This gives promise of some day providing a means for even more exciting and ambitious exploration of space, perhaps beyond the moon, perhaps to the very end of the solar system itself.

...Finally, if we are to win the battle that is now going on around the world between freedom and tyranny, the dramatic achievements in space which occurred in recent weeks should have made clear to us all, as did the Sputnik in 1957, the impact of this adventure on the minds of men everywhere, who are attempting to make a determination of which road they should take....  Now it is time to take longer strides-time for a great new American enterprise-time for this nation to take a clearly leading role in space achievement, which in many ways may hold the key to our future on earth.

...We have never specified long-range goals on an urgent time schedule, or managed our resources and our time so as to insure their fulfilment.

Recognizing the head start obtained by the Soviets with their large rocket engines, which gives them many months of lead-time, and recognizing the likelihood that they will exploit this lead for some time to come in still more impressive successes, we nevertheless are required to make new efforts on our own....  We take an additional risk by making it in full view of the world, but as shown by the feat of astronaut Shepard, this very risk enhances our stature when we are successful.

...First, I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth.  No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish.

...We propose additional funds for other engine development and for unmanned explorations -- explorations which are particularly important for one purpose which this nation will never overlook: the survival of the man who first makes this daring flight.  But in a very real sense, it will not be one man going to the moon - if we make this judgment affirmatively it will be an entire nation.

...This gives promise of some day providing a means for even more exciting and ambitious exploration of space, perhaps beyond the moon, perhaps to the very end of the solar system itself.

Third, an additional 50 million dollars will make the most of our present leadership, by accelerating the use of space satellites for world-wide communications.

...Let it be clear-and this is a judgment which the Members of the Congress must finally make-let if be clear that I am asking the Congress and the country to accept a firm commitment to a new course of action-a course which will last for many years and carry very heavy costs: 531 million dollars in fiscal '62 -- an estimated seven to nine billion dollars additional over the next five years.

...Now this is a choice which this country must make, and I am confident that under the leadership of the Space Committees of the Congress, and the Appropriating Committees, that you will consider the matter carefully.

...But I think every citizen of this country as well as the Members of the Congress should consider the matter carefully in making their judgment, to which we have given attention over many weeks and months, because it is a heavy burden, and there is no sense in agreeing or desiring that the United States take an affirmative position in outer space, unless we are prepared to do the work and bear the burdens to make it successful.]]></content:encoded></item></channel>
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